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视觉悬疑和音乐悬疑对自然观时大脑激活和记忆的影响

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What happens in your brain when you watch a suspenseful movie? Does attention remain fixed over the course of a film, or does it fluctuate on a moment-by-moment basis, as the dynamic plot unfolds? According to our attention-narrowing hypothesis, moments of heightened suspense produce a spotlight effect. At these time points, 叙述的世界成为心理处理和屏幕之外的一切的焦点, such as noises in the room or concerns about daily life, is suppressed.

With this study, 皇冠365官方App想要测量在自然的悬疑体验中大脑发生了什么. 皇冠365官方App研究的另一个目标是测试悬念的后果,当观众完成一个故事,并回忆他们所看到的. If attention is intently focused at peaks in suspense, 在观看后的记忆测试中,这些瞬间会被更准确地回忆起来吗? Finally, 皇冠365官方App感兴趣的是背景音乐的情绪会如何影响悬念的体验. 皇冠365官方App测试了情绪一致的悬疑音乐是否会放大悬疑的效果,而情绪不一致的快乐/平静是否会降低悬疑的效果.

Evoking suspense

皇冠365官方App使用了一些成功电影中的片段,通过一系列逼真的声音和图像来引发悬念. 在这些摘录中,每个角色都面临着负面(通常是致命)结果的威胁. 随着逐渐展开的叙事事件使结果似乎或多或少地有可能发生,这种威胁时而高涨,时而减弱. 功能性磁共振成像让皇冠365官方App有机会研究大脑对悬念的反应,而不需要参与者做出可能扭曲神经活动的明显反应.

参与者躺在MRI扫描仪中观看9部悬疑电影片段,MRI扫描仪会反复捕捉大脑活动的快照. We also manipulated the music soundtrack for the excerpts, 这样,每个参与者都可以在三种音乐类型中选择一种来观看电影片段:没有伴奏音乐(每个片段的原始版本), mood- congruent (suspenseful) music, or mood-incongruent (happy/calm) music. Following the scan session, 参与者完成了一项关于电影片段中发生的事情的意外记忆测试. Participants answered questions about what events occurred, with one question for each twenty seconds of film time. 另一组参与者观看相同的电影片段,并移动滑动条来提供连续的悬念评级. 皇冠365官方App取这些滑块评分的平均值,然后用它们来观察当悬念增加时,大脑的哪些区域变得更活跃或更不活跃.

Suspense improving memory

If our attention-narrowing hypothesis was correct, 皇冠365官方App预计,悬念会使与注意力相关的大脑区域瞬间增加. 皇冠365官方App还预测,与低悬念时刻相比,参与者会对发生在高悬念时刻的事件表现出更好的记忆. Alternatively, if attention is constant over the course of suspenseful film scenes, 皇冠365官方App可能找不到悬疑情绪高峰和低谷之间大脑活动的差异.

Results

Suspense narrows the spotlight of attention. 悬念上升引起的大脑激活模式揭示了注意力缩小的证据. In early visual processing areas, 处理参与者直接看到的东西(电影屏幕)的区域变得更加活跃, 而处理视觉边缘的区域(电影屏幕之外的核磁共振扫描仪的环境)变得不那么活跃. 这表明悬疑将视觉注意力的焦点集中在电影上. 其他与注意力相关的大脑网络对悬念也很敏感. 默认模式网络是一组大脑区域,当人们从事与周围当前情况无关的活动时,这些区域会变得更加活跃, such as mind wandering and planning for the future. Default- mode network regions became less active as suspense increased. 相反,腹侧注意网络的区域随着悬念的增加而增加. This set of brain regions comes online when attention is redirected. to engaging things that are occurring. 综上所述,这些结果表明,悬念提高了对电影的注意力,抑制了对外围或内部分心的注意力.

The mood of the music affects viewers’ ratings of suspense. 那些对悬念进行连续滑动评分的参与者表现出了高度的认同. On average, 与充满悬念的音乐搭配的音乐片段在持续时间内被评为悬念最高的. Surprisingly, 与没有音乐的原版电影片段相比,不协调的快乐/平静音乐引发了更高的悬念评分, though both were rated lower than the suspenseful music.

Suspenseful moments are better recalled than non-suspenseful moments. 皇冠365官方App比较了在高暂停和低暂停期间发生的事件的记忆回忆. 参与者在高悬念时刻比低悬念时刻更容易回忆起发生了什么. 音轨版本之间的回忆能力没有差异.

Conclusions

People are hardwired to care about other people. 看到一个角色处于危险中,大脑会屏蔽房间里发生的任何事情,专注于故事. This momentary spotlight
of attention has consequences for what people will remember later. 高悬念时刻比低悬念时刻更容易被记住. 添加悬疑音乐可能会让观众认为叙事更悬疑, although in our study, 悬疑引起的大脑活动模式在不同类型的音乐中是相似的. 皇冠365官方App的发现表明,看到角色面临威胁是集中注意力的有力工具.

REFERENCE
Bezdek MA, Wenzel WG, Schumacher EH. (2017). 视觉和音乐悬疑对自然观影过程中大脑激活和记忆的影响. Biol Psychol. Oct; 129:73-81.

CONTACT INFORMATION
Georgia Institute of Technology
Matthew Bezdek mbezdek@gatech.edu

This article was originally published in the Neuromarketing Yearbook. Order your copy today

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